Non Fusion Options in Cervical Disc Herniations

Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Jan – June 2019 | Page 3-9 | Jwalant S. Mehta, Marcin Czyz


Authors : Jwalant S. Mehta [1], Marcin Czyz [1]

[1] The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Bristol Road South Birmingham B31 2AP, UK

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Jwalant S. Mehta
1The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Bristol Road South Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
Email : Jwalant_mehta@hotmail.com


Abstract

Cervical disc herniations are common disease encountered by spine surgeon. dISCESCTOMY and fusion have been long regarded as glod standard but non fusion options are gaining ground for speciifc indications. If the pathology is limited to one or two levels in the absence of instability, a limited posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) can be useful in decompressing the nerve roots to achieve clinical improvement in radiculopathy. A multilevel pathology with cord compression in the absence of instability can be treated effectively with a skip cervical laminectomy or a laminoplasty. In the presence of instability in two or single level pathology, where in the past a fusion would have been considered a gold standard, non-fusion options such as cervical disc arthroplasty have evolved (ACDR).
Keywords: Cervical dis herniation, foraminotomy, laminectomy, laminoplasty, cervical disc arthroplasty


References

1. Hillibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, Jones PK, Bohlman HH. Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodeisis. JBJS Am 1999; 81: 519 – 528
2. Wigfield CC, Skrypiec D, Jackowski A, Adams MA. Internal stress distribution in cervical intervertebral discs: the influence of an artificial cervical joint and simulated anterior interbody fusion. J Spianl Disord Tech 2003; 16: 44 – 49
3. Puttlitz CM, Rousseau MA, Xu Z, Hu S, Tay BK, Lotz JC. Intervertebral disc replacement maintains cervical spine kinetics. Spine 2004; 29: 2809 – 2814
4. Powell JW, Sasso RC, Metcalf NH, Anderson PA, Hipp JA. Quality of spinal motion with disc arthoplasty: computer-aided radiographic analysis. J Spinal Disord Tech 2010; 23: 89-95
5. Sekhon LH, Ball JR. Artificial cervical disc replacement: principles, type and techniques. Neurol India 2005; 53: 445 – 450
6. Scoville WB. Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical ruptured intervertebral discs. Proc Am Fed Clin Res. 1945; 2:23.
7. Woods BI, Hilibrand AS. Cervical radiculopathy: epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2015;28: E251–E259.
8. Church EW, Halpern CH, Faught RW, et al. Cervical laminoforaminotomy for radiculopathy: symptomatic and functional out- comes in a large cohort with long-term follow-up. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(suppl 15):S536–S543.
9. Albert TJ, Murrell SE. Surgical management of cervical radiculopathy. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7:368–376.
10. Skovrlj B, Gologorsky Y, Haque R, et al. Complications, outcomes, and need for fusion after minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy and microdiscectomy. Spine J. 2014;14:2405–2411
11. Bevevino AJ, Lehman RA Jr, Kang DG, et al. The effect of cervical posterior foraminotomy on segmental range of motion in the setting of total disc arthroplasty. Spine. 2014;39:1572–1577.
12. Zdeblick TA, Abitbol JJ, Kunz DN, et al. Cervical stability after sequential capsule resection. Spine. 1993;18:2005–2008.
13. Lubelski D, Healy AT, Silverstein MP, et al. Reoperation rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus posterior cervical foraminotomy: a propensity-matched analysis. Spine J. 2015;15: 1277–1283.
14. Caridi JM, Pumberger M, Hughes AP. Cervical radiculopathy: a review. HSS J. 2011;7:265–272.
15. Papavero L, Kothe R. Minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy for treatment of radiculopathy : An effective, time-tested, and cost-efficient motion-preservation technique. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;30(1):36-45. doi: 10.1007/s00064-017-0516-6.
16. Luo W, Li Y, Zhao J, Zou Y, Gu R, Li H. Skip Laminectomy Compared with Laminoplasty for Cervical Compressive Myelopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018 Sep 8. pii: S1878-8750(18)32040-0. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.231.
17. Hidai Y, Ebara S, Kamimura M, et al. Treatment of cervical myelopathy with a new dorsolateral decompressive procedure. J Neurosurg 1999;90:178–85.
18. Ishihara A. Roentgenological investigation on the cervical lordosis of normal subjects. J Jpn Orthop Assoc 1968;42:1033–44.
19. Itoh T, Tsuji H. Technical improvements and results of laminoplasty for compressive myelopathy in the cervical spine. Spine 1985;10:729–46.
20. O’Brien MF, Peterson D, Casey AT. A novel technique for lamino- plasty augmentation of spinal canal area using titanium miniplate sta- bilization: a computerized morphometric analysis. Spine 1996;21: 474–84.
21. Yoshida M, Otani K, Shibasaki K, Ueda S. Expansive laminoplasty with reattachment of spinous process and extensor musculature for cervical myelopathy. Spine 1992;17:491–7.
22. Shiraishi T. Skip laminectomy—a new treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, preserving bilateral muscular attachments to the spinous pro- cesses: a preliminary report. Spine J. 2002;2:108 –115.
23. Shiraishi T, Fukuda K, Yato Y, Nakamura M, Ikegami T. Results of skip laminectomy- minimum 2-year follow-up study compared with open-door laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28:2667-2672.
24. Shiraishi T. A new technique for exposure of the cervical spine laminae: technical note. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(Spine 1):122–126.
25. Pickett GE, Mtsis DK, Sekhon LH, Sears WR, Duggal N. Effects of cervical disc prosthesis on segmental and cervical spine alignment. Neurosurg Focus 2004; 17: 30 – 35
26. Wigfield C, Gill S, Nelson R, et al. Influence of an artificial cervical joint compared with fusion on adjacent level motion in the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease. J Neurosurg Spine 2002; 96: 17 – 21.
27. Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim TH, et al. Biomecahnical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intra-discal pressure and segmental motion. Spine 2002; 27 : 2431 – 4.
28. Matsunaga S, Kabayama S, Yamamoto T, et al. Strain on inter-vertebral discs after anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine 1999; 24: 670 – 5
29. Kotani Y, Cunningham BW, Abumi K, et al. Multidirectional flexibility analysis of cervical artificial disc reconstruction: in vitro human cadaveric spine model. J Neurosurg Spine 2005; 2: 188 – 194.
30. Phillips FM, Garfin SR. Cervical disc replacement. Spine 2005; 30: 527 – 533.
31. McAfee PC, Cunningham B, Dmitriev A, et al. Cervical disc replacement porous coated motion prosthesis: a comparative biomechanical analysis showing the key role of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine 2003; 28: S176 – S185
32. Dooris AP, Goel VK, Grosland NM, et al. Load sharing between anterior and posterior elements in a lumbar motion segment implanted with an artificial disc. Spine 2001: 26: E122 – E129
33. Anderson PA, Sasso RC, Hipp J, Norvell DC, Raich A, Hashimoto R. Kinematics of the cervical adjacent segments after disc arthoplasty compared with anterior discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine 2012; 37 (22 Suppl): S85 – S95
34. Takasali S, Graeur JN, Vaccaro A. Material considertaions for intervertebral disc replacement implants. The Spine Journal 4 (2004); 231S – 238S
35. Anderson PA, Rouleau JP, Bryan VE, Carlson CS. Wear analysis of the Bryan Cervical Disc Prospthesis. Spine 28 (20S); 2003: S186 – S194
36. Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine 2007; 6: 198 – 209
37. McAfee PC, Reah C, Gilder K, Eisermann L, Cunningham B. A meta-analysis of comparative outcomes following cervical arthroplasty or anterior cervical fusion. Spine 37 (11); 2012: 943 – 952
38. Ryu WH, Kowalczyk I, Duggal N. Long term kinematic analysis of cerbical spine after single level implantation of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis. The Spine Journal 13 (2103): 628 – 634
39. Hisey MS, Bae HW, Davis R, et al. Multi-centre, prospective, randomized, controlled investiogational device exemption clinical trail comparing Mobi-C cervical artificial disc to anterior discectomy and fusion in the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine. Int J Spine Surgery 2014, 8
40. Harrod CC, Hillibrand AS, Fischer DJ, Skelly AC. Adjacent segment pathology following cervical motion-sparing procedures or devices compared with fusion surgery: a systematic review. Spine 2012; 37 (22 Suppl): S96 – S112
41. Goel VK, Faizan A, Palepu V, Bhattacharya S. Parameters that effect spine biomechanics following cervical disc replacement. Eur Spine J 2012; 21 (5): S688 – 699
42. Zhao Y, Du C, at al. Does rotation centre in artificial disc affect cervical biomechanics? Spine 40 (8); 2015: E469 – E475
43. Goffin J, Geusens E, Vantomme N, et al. Long term follow-up after interbody fusion of the cervical spien. J Spinal Disord Tech 2004; 17: 79 – 85
44. Bovouratwet P, Fu, Ondeck NT, et al. Safety of artificial single level cervical total disc replacement: A propensity matched multi-institution study. Spine 2018, sept 21
45. Segal DN, Wilson JM, Staley C, Yoon TS. Outpatient and Inpatient single level cervical total disc replacement: A comparison of 30 day outcomes. Spine June 11, 2018
46. Li Y, Shen H, Khan KZ, et al. Comparison of multi-level cervical disc replacement and multi-level anterior discectomy and fusion: A systematic review of biomechanical and clinical evidence. World Neurosurgery Aug 2018; 116: 94 – 104
47. Wu TK, Meng Y, Wang BY, et al. Is the behaviour of disc replacement adjacent to fusion affected by the location of the fused level in hybrid surgery? Spine J 2018, Aug 27.
48. Mehren C, Heider F, Sauer D, et al. Clinical and radiological outcome of a new total cervical dsic replacement design. Spine July 2018
49. Sasso RC, Anderson PA, Riew KD, Heller JG. Results of cervical arthoplasty compared with anterior discectomy and fusion: four-year clinical outcomes in a prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93: 1684 – 1692


How to Cite this Article: Mehta J S, Czyz M. Non Fusion options in Cervical Disc Herniations. International Journal of Spine Jan-June 2019;4(1):3-9 .


(Abstract) (Full Text HTML) (Download PDF)